Internal-combustion engine



F. A. STANDIFORD.

INTERNAL C'MBUSTIDN ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MN. 2| 1918.

Patented May 30, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET I.

N VEN TOR.

WITNESS:

.4120 NEY F. A'. sTANn|F0RD. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILEDl IAN. 2. |918.

1,417,697.- Patented May"3o,1922.

WITNESS: l l l INVEINTOA. I BYQZ-EZQL ATTORNEYv l WITNESS.'

F. A. sANnlFoRn.

INTERNAL coMBusUoN ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED JN. 2. 1918.

Patented Mayzao, 1922.

5 SHEETS-'SHEET 3.

'IN1/EN TOR. l

' F. A. STANDIFORD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED IAN. 2, IsIs.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4- l ATTORNEY WITNESS:

F. A. STANDIFORD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED IAN. 2, 1918.

muted May 3o, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

y NVENTOR.

AWM

A'TZORNEY UNITED i rnnnnon nfsrfinnrronn, or connvvii'rnn, KANSAS,

INTERNAL-consus'rronENGINE. j g

Specification of Letters Patent;

v Appiimion ined January 2, 191e. sriai No. 210,065.'

To all 'whom I? may concern.'

vBe itknoivn that L-Fiznnizroii A, STAND? FORD' a citizen 'of the United States, residing at oldWater, inthe county of Comanche, State ofvKansas, haveinvented certain new and useful improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the follovvingis a full and exact specification.

The present invention relates to internal combustion engines, andv yaimsto provide various features of improvement in connecy tionvivi'th the general construction and operative arrangement of the different parts of this class of engines. 4

Accordingly one of the Objects vof the invention is to devise anlimproved construction of three-cylinderenginehaving one of the cylinders thereof arranged as a pump cylinder for alternately feeding theexplosive charges to the remaining cylinders and simultaneously expelling the exhaust gases therefrom. .In carrying out this feature of the invention .an improved pump cylinder construction is provided, as Well vas a novel form of counterbalanced' crankr shaft for effecting a smooth running action and propei'lybalancedv relationof the moving part-s. A further object `isto provide an improved form ofvpiston in the combustion cylinders whereby a more effective inflow and discharge of the gases therefrom is obtained.

It is also an object to provide features of improvement in relation to the' manifold connections to the engine cylinders and the mode of vconducting the explosive charges into the combustion cylinders and removing the exploded gases from the same A; still further object is to devise an im- 'proved arrangement 'of drive 'connections leading tothe magneto'a'nd pump elements of the "engine, y i y lt is valso sought to improve generally this 'class `of engines' and to provide aI construetion which Will be vof comparatively simple design, 'and' practical, economical and lefli-` cient in its operation. y

- Vith these kgeneral objects invie'vv, 'the inventionwvill now loe-described with reference lto the accompanying drawings, Where-l in is Villustrated one 'form of embodiment 'of 'the'propo's'ed improvementsfafter Which ythosefeatures of 4the construction vvhich are d'eernedto,` benovel vvillbe-set forth and *defined* inthe claims appended hereto.4

ropposite direction and illustrating" the pisl Vtons in different 'operatii'f'e positions;`

In the draWiIlgS 1 'l' constructed in' accordance vvithfthefpresent invention; i'

Figure 2i vvith parts in `section -as represented by the line 2 2 of Figure .3 i. y Figure 3 is a central,longitudinal"verti an end yelevation of the y"saine,

Figure l is a. plan view .Y of 'an engine,l

cal section .taken oiithe line of Fig,

ure 2;, j Figure@ is a transverse section taken on the line 4 4 of Figure-l;

Figure is a sectional vievv similar fthe upper half of Figure, but looking inftl'i'fe Figure .6 is a horizontal 'section'talcen o n Figure 7 is a vertical sect1 the 'present engine construction illustrated comprising an engine cylinder castingy i 10 yto the bottomof which is' connectedin 'the usual manner a housing section 12nooperating with the lower portiono'f `said castp on'all vieiv of one of the 'combustion cylinders, talzenfon fthe' linefl- T of4 1F iguref"5,`but shoiiii-ngthe Vpiston at the opposite end of its stroke.'

Referring to the said Adravvingsy in detail,

ver

ing l() to form the crankcase, Within which is housed`v the crank sliaftlfl` Working inthe several bearings 16 andnca'rrying a fly v,Wheel v18 outside the crankv case.

Secured to :the topof the ycasting 10, as by capscr'eivsmis a cylir'ider-headv casting22 having `a* Water "f -connectioni adapted to 'be'c'onn'ected`-with preferredv manner. .c The 'saidcylinder .and cylinder-head castings are coi'is't'ructed' to provide three cylinders, namely,-ltvvo,router-v 'combustion cylinders 26 *and 28. 'pro'videdl v ,Y "xterm-edi; ate pump cylinder 30, ya'selvearlcy illustrated With the spark plugs `29,.fai'idfan in Figuresl and Within jtheqcyli-nders 26 and 2 8 'operate pistons 32v and v34C,"respee-f"4 tively, the same operating in'a)two-stroke:y

cycle and reciprocated by `means of connect-` spectiifely, on the crankshaft 14;; y The bearing' caps 42 of said lrod'sare ,provided*vvi-th'f" i oil'l 'splash and pick-up fingers "adapted,"

'on their 'dofvvn strokes,to 4venterthe isplash cups 46 at the bottomof the crankcase, Tas,

shov'vn in Figure?)fr f'Vithin'thecylinder,30y 4 operates `Ya plunger of 1 'double-piston- ',form' j '10d 'i ing rods 36 from ftheeranks B8 andfiidpre- The gland comprising a pair of pistons 48 separated. by means of short central posts 50 and leaving a dead air space between said pistons as indicated atv 52. 'This doubleacting plunger is reciprocated by means of a connecting rod 511 secured to the lower piston d8 and passing out through a stuffing box 56 in the lower head 58 of vthe cylinder 30. 59 of said stuiiing box is pro vided with an exterior notched flange A61 adapted to be engaged by a gravity dog 63 for retaining the gland in any given set position'.y rlhe lower end of the connecting rodsl is carried in a vertically reciprocating bearing box comprising parallel spaced plates 60 the ends of which are secured by bolts 62 to slide'blocks 6d operating along vertical guideways at opposite sides of the crank case (see lligured). Said bearing box is reciproeated by means ofan interymediate and relatively shorter n crank arm 68 of the crank shaft lil, this arm 68 being provided with bearing caps 'l0 operating within said bearing box by sliding engagement withthe inner faces of said plates 60.

For balancing/the movements of the crank shaft as thus arranged the crank arm 68, is

provided with a pair of counteiweights 72 of arcuate `form on opposite sides 'of the rod :Se and projecting in the opposite direction from said arm 68, as clearly shown in F igures 3 and l. Theconstruction described is such as top'rovide a pumping cylinder of relatively'larger sizefthan the combustion cylinders and havingja plunger of relatively shorter stroke, adapted to quickly and forcibly deliver-the proper explosive charges to the combustion cylinders alternately from the oppositeends of the pump. cylinder, as

will be hereinafter more fully explained.

, Manifold connections and passages for the intake and exhaust gasesare provided by means of the following construction, A manifold casting is secured by means of capscrews 80 to .one side face of the cylinder casting 10 andprovides an intake manifold 82 communicating with the opposite ends of the pump cylinder 80, and an exhaust mani- 'foldSeL communicatingiby way of passages 8 6 andports 88 with each of the combustion cylinders 26 and 28 (see Figures 3 and 7).

The intake manifold is provided with ports "90'conti'olled byvalves`92 held normally closed by means of coil springs 94., the valve stems and springs being retained `within casing plugs 96 removably connected with ther manifold castino' as shown in Figure l.

F rom one of theiports 90 an inlet passage 98 lleads to the upper end of the cylinder 30,

and fromthe othery of said ports 90 an inlet @passage 100'leads to the lowerendof said cylindein Leading from the upper end of the cylinder 30,l on the opposite side from they passage 98, isa passage 102 extending onvan incline' downward (see Figure 5) and discharging through ports 10d into tliev`combastion cylinder 28, while fromthe lowerend of said cylinder extends an inclined passage 106 leading upward and discharging through ports 108 into the cylinder 26.

The engine is adapted to be mounted upon the auto chassis by means of the bracket arms 110 at the rear and the yoke hanger '1,12 to which connection is made with the engine by means of a suspension pin 114; at

the front-end of the casting 10. l

r the engine magneto 116 and pump 118 are arranged in alineinent to be driven from the same 'actuating shaft 120, which is proiii-fled.y with a gear 122 ("see Figure 2) in mesh withfa gear 124 which is driven from carrying out the desired objects of the invention., ln the operation of the engine, fuel gases are sucked in alternately through the ports 98 and 100 past' the valves 92 into the pumping cylinder 80. Figured of the drawing shows lthe plunger 48 at the finish of its downward stroke, during which stroke the upper valve 92 has remained openand the lower valve closed, whereby a charge of gas nas been drawn into the upper end of the cylinder 30 and a charge expelled from its lower end through the passage 106 and ports 108 into the cylinder 26; at the same time the entry ofthe new charge into the latter cylinder (wherein the previous charge has just been fired) has caused the exhaust gas to be expelled through the ports 88 and the exhaust passage 86 into the exhaust manifold 84:. As the plunger starts on its upward stroke, due to the firing of the charge in cylinder 28, the reverse of the foregoing operations takes place. The upper valve 92 is closed and the lower valve is opened, and a charge of gas is sucked into the lower end of the cylinder 30 through the intake passave 100while the charge in the upper end of said cylinder is forced `out through the passage 102 and ports 104 into the other combustion cylinder 28, expelling the waste gas therefrom through the exhaust passage 86 as soon as the rports 88 of said:

cylinder have been uncovered by the piston 34. Since the ports 104 and 108 are covered during the greater portion of the intervals of the plungers movements', the gas is vcompressed within the pumpy cylinder 80 to a considerable extent and is forcibly discharged through said ports into the combustion cylinders as the ports are momentarily opened during the reversal of the pistons movements; and the fuel charges are stilly further compressed as the pistons move 11p-- ward prior tothe firing of they charges. l In order to properly direct and control the flow of the fuel gas into the combustion cylinders and facilitate the discharge of the exhaust gases therefrom, each of the pistons 32 and 34 is provided with a working face of' peculiar contour comprising, as illustrated in' Figure 7, a raised portion 130 formed with an abrupt deflecting surface 132 adapted to be positioned opposite the inlet ports of the corresponding cylinder, and a gradually inclined `surface 134i extending in the direction of the exhaust ports 88. By means of this construction the intakegases are deflected directly upward within the cylinders and the work of compression and for securing greater speed and force in the discharge of the gas from the pumping cylinder intor the combustion cylinders.

A smooth and effectively balanced action is obtained by means of the crank shaft arrangement andconstruction and the operf ative connections to the double acting plunger.

It is also apparent that a more simplified and compact arrangement for driving the magneto and pump'elements is obtained by connecting them up in alinement for actuating by a single shaft driven from the crank shaft in the manner illustrated.

lhile the foregoing shows what is now` regarded as the preferred form of embodiment of the improvements, the right is reserved to such formal changes and modifications as may fairly fall within the scope of the appended claims.

t what i @am is l. In an internal combustion engine, ak

, a z s pair of combustion cylinders, a pump cylin` combustion cylinders. afcr'ank shaft pro'- yder arranged in communication with said f i.

videdwith a pair of oppositely moving pistons operating in said combustion cyl1n.` v

ders, said vcombustion cylinders each ha.v"

ingk fuel inlet and exhaust ports maintained closed by vthe corresponding piston yand adapted to be uncovered at about the end of the explosion stroke of the piston', said pumpfcylinder having' its opposite ends in communication with `said inlet ports respectively, and av double-acting plunger 0p-` through said inlet ports to the combustion cylinders and tov expel ithe lexhaust gases therefrom, each of said pistons having its working face formed with deflectingksurfaces arrangedto deflect the incoming gas toward the opposite end ofthe correspondder. Y

erating within-said pump cylinder to den liver fuel charges therefrom alternatelyy ing cylinder and the exhaust gases inv thek i direction ofthe exhaust port'sof that cylin' 7*'07` 2 In` an :internal combustion engine, a

pair of combustion cylinders, a `pumpj cylinder yarranged incorninunication with said combustion cylinders, a crank shaft prooperating in said pump cylinder to deliver fuel charges therefrom"alternately to said combustion cylinders, said crank shaft being provided with ai crank arm having a sliding bearing-box vertically reciprocated thereby and operatively connectedwith said plunger, and counterweights carried by said crank shaft on opposite sides of said crank arm vided jrwith pistons operating in said combustion cylinders, a double-actingplunger and projecting .in adirection opposite yto the direction of said crank arm.

nwitness whereof I" affix my signature. n

FnnDnicK ii, srrinnironn. 

